Hampans roll för mänskligheten
Hampan var under många årtusenden mänsklighetens största jordbruksprodukt och viktigaste industri. Av hampa producerades majoriteten av jordens alla fibrer, tyger, lampoljor, papper, rökelser och mediciner. Det var dessutom en viktig näringskälla för både människor och djur.
Hampa och papper
Benjamin Franklin startade en av Amerikas första pappersverk som använde hampa som material, vilket möjliggjorde att Amerika inte behövde vara beroende av att importera papper och böcker från England. Fram till 1880-talet återvanns utnötta kläder och textiler från hampa till papper. Så kallat ”traspapper” tillverkat av hampa kan rivas när det är blött, för att sedan återgå till dess fulla styrka när det torkar. Pappret kan vidhålla extrema förhållanden och fortfarande vara stabilt i århundraden. Många av USAs regeringspapper var skriva, enligt lag, på hampa ”traspapper” fram till 1920-talet.
Hampa lät mänskligheten korsa haven!
90 procent av alla segel var från ca 500 år före Kristus till mitten/slutet av 1800-talet tillverkat av hampa. De resterande 10 procenten var oftast tillverkade av lin, eller mindre fibrer som kinagräs, sisal, jute och abaca.
Utöver segel var en stor del av utrustningen på fartygen tillverkade från stammen av hampaväxten, som ankarrepet, lastnät, fiskenät, flaggor, svepningar och sjöfart (rep som används för tätning på ett fartygs sidor för att skydda mot saltvatten, och att täta lösa balkar). Dessutom var skeppets diagram, kartor, loggböcker och biblar tillverkade från papper som innehöll fiber från hampa – från 1400-talet fram till tidigt 1900-tal i Västeuropa och Amerika.
Hampa som mat
Hampafrön användes regelbundet i gröt, soppor och välling fram till 1800-talet. Hampafrön kan pressas för att utvinna näringsrik vegetabilisk olja, som innehåller den högsta andelen essentiella fettsyror i hela växtriket. Essentiella fettsyror är fetter som kroppen ej kan tillverka själv och som därför behöver tillföras utifrån. Dessa kallas linolsyra och alfa-linolensyra, där linolsyra är en omega-6-fettsyra och alfa-linolensyra är en omega 3-fettsyra. Dessa fettsyror är nödvändiga för vårt immunsvar och bidrar till att förebygga hjärt-kärlsjukdomar.
Hampafrö är ett av de näringsmässigt mest kompletta vegetabiliska födoämnen vi har på vår planet.
Varför har hampa varit så viktigt för mänskligheten?
Hampan har överlag den starkaste och mest hållbara naturligt mjuka fibern på planeten. Under åtminstone 3000 år, räknades hampan med dess löv och blommor till de mest använda medicinalväxterna för omkring två tredjedelar av världens befolkning, fram till början av 1900-talet.
Botaniskt sett tillhör hampa en av de mest avancerade växtfamiljerna på planeten. Den kan utnyttja solens energi mer effektivt än majoriteten av alla växter på planeten och kan växa sig upp till 4 meter hög under endast en säsong. Den kan odlas i mer eller mindre alla klimat och jordar, även där jorden är näringsfattig.
För att sammanfatta det hela så gör det hampan till en av jordens främsta förnyelsebara naturliga resurser.
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